Time-dependent behaviour of the rock mass   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

E. Z. Lajtai 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1991,9(2):109-124

Summary The strength of intact rock and the rock mass is time-dependent. For intact rock experimental verification is available, for the rock mass the scale of time-dependence is a matter of judgement. Rock mass classifications do however emphasize the effect of time on tunnel stability. This paper examines the source of time-dependence in rocks and the rock mass and suggests a technique for estimating the long term strength. The long term strength of the rock mass is controlled by the time-dependent weakening of intact rock. Frictional resistance, a major source of rock mass strength, increases rather than decreases with time. Lifetime estimation for rocks can be accomplished phenomenologically or mechanistically. The first is a statistical process of wide applicability, the second is more restrictive in usage as its applies only to materials that suffer time-dependent strain (creep). Although the mechanistic route is more appealing, it has a major drawback as it concentrates on steady state creep. There is no strong evidence for steady state creep in rocks. The technique for long term prediction is developed through the analysis of the failure rate under constant load. The failure rate for a given load and environment is established from the frequency distribution of time-to-failure data as measured in static fatigue tests. As expected, the failure rate is strongly affected by both the loading and the environmental condition. The influence, however, is systematic and predictable.  相似文献   

Effects of soil moisture dynamics on slope failure at Hyrum Reservior,Utah     

Michael P. O'Neill  Jeffrey J. McDonnell 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1995,20(3):243-253

Field observations of shoreline conditions at Hyrum Reservoir, Utah, were conducted during the summers of 1991 to 1993. A process of bluff retreat is described for a multiple-layered bluff environment of sand and clay layers. Failure is initiated by wetting and drying of clay sediments, which produces horizontal cracks within bluff material. These cracks appear to penetrate to a depth of approximately 100-150 mm before initiating vertical cracking in the sediments. The vertical cracks are propagated by continued drying of the surface sediment, ultimately leading to failure of the bluff material. The physical dimensions of sediment blocks succumbing to this mechanism range from a few hundred millimetres up to 3 m on a side, with a depth of approximately 100-150 mm. The mechanism described here appears to operate optimally when the supply of subsurface moisture is abundant and nearly continuous throughout the spring and early summer. Reservoir draw-down, large capillary fringe effects in the bluff and periodic wetting from upslope undrained hollows are the dominant moisture controls at this site. Moisture delivery to the face is strongly influenced by anisotropy of saturated hydraulic conductivity in the alternating clay and sand layers and related differences in sediment texture.  相似文献   

结构模糊随机可靠度的实用计算方法   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

王光远  刘玉彬 《地震工程与工程振动》1995,15(3):38-46

本文以模糊随机变量为基本变量，定义了结构的模糊随机功能函数，分析了结构有效状态与失效状态之间的模糊性，建立了结构的模糊随机极限状态方程。利用序关系给出单失效模式结构的模糊安全准则，讨论了ａ－约束水平条件下单失效模式结构的失效概率、可靠度及可靠指标，进而得出结构的模糊随机失效概率、模糊随机可靠度及模糊可靠指标等。本文给出的具体计算方法和目前设计规范中彩的方法是相对应的。  相似文献   

循环荷载特征对焊接工字形钢支撑低周疲劳性能的影响     

张耀春  连尉安  张文元 《地震工程与工程振动》2005,25(6):62-69

通过14根铰支焊接工字形支撑在不同特征的循环轴向位移荷载下的低周疲劳试验，研究了循环轴向位移荷载的位移幅值、平均位移幅值及加载次序等因素对钢支撑低周疲劳及耗能性能的影响。研究发现，对称循环荷载中幅值越小，支撑翼缘局部屈曲发展越晚，其耗能及承载力退化也越平缓。文中提出了支撑在幅值6δ≤Δδ≤12δy的对称循环荷载下的疲劳寿命经验公式。试验表明，循环荷载的位移幅值是支撑疲劳损伤及耗能退化的最主要影响因素，过载峰效应及适当的平均压位移幅值改善了钢支撑低周疲劳及耗能性能。  相似文献   

三峡水库运行条件下金乐滑坡稳定性评价   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

胡新丽  王亮清 《地球科学》2007,32(3):403-408

三峡水库运行后,水库水位每年将在145m～162m～175m间波动,库水位的浸泡软化作用及水位升降引起的地下水位的波动将会降低库岸岩土体的抗剪强度,影响已有滑坡的稳定性.因此,在实际水库运行条件下滑坡的稳定性是目前迫切需要研究的重要课题.针对库区大型复杂滑坡——金乐滑坡,分析了该滑坡的工程地质条件和形成机制;建立了二维有限元计算模型并选择合理的岩土力学参数;利用英国帝国理工学院ICFEP有限元软件,依据水库实际运行曲线,在一年时间内分7种不同的模拟状态进行了模拟.结果表明:(1)金乐滑坡在天然状态下处于稳定状态;(2)库水位上升状态下,滑坡前缘稳定性较相应的稳定水位状态较好;(3)水位下降状态,滑坡前缘将出现破坏,特别是162m下降至145m时,滑坡前缘出现破坏,存在中前部渐进破坏的可能;(4)金乐滑坡变形破坏形式为牵引渐进式,在一个水位波动周期内不存在整体滑移的危险.建议对滑坡前缘进行治理.  相似文献   

岩溶区层状缓倾角岩质边坡变形破坏机制研究     

刘宏  宋建波  王文俊 《地质灾害与环境保护》2007,18(4):67-73

在贵州岩溶区某大型工程台址工程地质环境条件研究基础上,采用地质历史过程机制分析法和数值模拟方法,对岩溶区层状缓倾角岩质边坡变形破坏机制作系统研究,总结出了4种变形破坏机制,即高陡的层状缓倾内边坡(A类坡)主要发生倾倒-崩落或拉裂-崩落破坏,低矮的层状缓倾内边坡(C类坡)则以小规模垮塌为主;缓倾外顺层边坡(B类坡)以滑移-拉裂型顺层滑坡或块状滑坡为主,而复合型边坡(D类坡)多以滑移-拉裂和弯曲-拉裂组合形式发生破坏.  相似文献   

Digital Image Based Approach for Three-Dimensional Mechanical Analysis of Heterogeneous Rocks   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

S. Chen  Z. Q. Yue  L. G. Tham 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2007,40(2):145-168

Summary This paper presents a digital image based approach for three-dimensional (3-D) numerical simulation and failure analysis of rocks by taking into account the actual 3-D heterogeneity. Digital image techniques are adopted to extract two-dimensional (2-D) material heterogeneity from material surface images. The 2-D image mesostructures are further extrapolated to 3-D cuboid mesostructures by assuming the material surface as a representation of the inner material heterogeneity within a very small depth. The iterative milling and scanning system is set up to generate the 3-D rock mesostructures. A Hong Kong granite specimen is used as an example to demonstrate the procedure of 3-D mesostructure establishment. The mechanical responses and failure process under the conventional Brazilian tensile test condition are examined through numerical analyses. The stress distribution, crack propagation process and failure model of heterogeneous material cases are simulated with a finite difference software. The numerical results indicate that material heterogeneity plays an important role in determining the failure behavior of rocks under external loading.  相似文献   

Application of saddlepoint approximation in reliability analysis of dynamic systems     

阮家荣  王家  区兆驹 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2007,6(4):391-400

The application of the saddlepoint approximation to reliability analysis of dynamic systems is investigated. The failure event in reliability problems is formulated as the exceedance of a single performance variable over a prescribed threshold level. The saddlepoint approximation technique provides a choice to estimate the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the performance variable. The failure probability is obtained as the value of the complement CDF at a specif ied threshold. The method requires computing the saddlepoint from a simple algebraic equation that depends on the cumulant generating function (CGF) of the performance variable. A method for calculating the saddlepoint using random samples of the performance variable is presented. The applicable region of the saddlepoint approximation is discussed in detail. A 10-story shear building model with white noise excitation illustrates the accuracy and effi ciency of the proposed methodology.  相似文献   

Energy demands for seismic design against low‐cycle fatigue     

Amador Teran‐Gilmore  James O. Jirsa 《地震工程与结构动力学》2007,36(3):383-404

A seismic design procedure that does not take into account the maximum and cumulative plastic deformation demands that a structure is likely to undergo during severe ground motion could lead to unsatisfactory performance. In spite of this, current design procedures do not take into account explicitly the effect of low‐cycle fatigue. Based on the high correlation that exists between the strength reduction factor and the energy demand in earthquake‐resistant structures, simple procedures can be formulated to estimate the cumulative plastic deformation demands for design purposes. Several issues should be addressed during the use of plastic energy within a practical performance‐based seismic design methodology. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基坑支护结构破坏原因综述及实例分析     

刘善国  殷友东  彭新宣 《化工矿产地质》2001,23(3):181-184

高层建筑基坑支护结构破坏原因主要有 :支护结构整体失稳、基坑土体隆起、管涌及流沙的出现、支撑强度不足或压屈、墙体破坏、支护结构平面变形超过限度。某大厦施工中由于桩身强度不足、桩尖达到的深度不够及桩间距过大等原因 ,致使管涌发生 ,造成塌方。通过对事故针对性的处理 ,取得了良好的效果  相似文献